Water democracy : reclaiming public water in Asia

Manahan, M.A., Yamamoto, N and Hoedeman, O. (2007). Water democracy : reclaiming public water in Asia : workable alternatives to privatisation of water sector. Bangkok, Thailand, Focus on the Global South and Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Transnational Institute. 65 p.

Download here

This collection of 19 essays by civil society activists, trade unionists and other water practitioners, presents examples of both struggles against water privatisation and people-centred public water management from across Asia.

The papers show that

* the ideology-driven privatization wave has now also reached Asian countries where public water delivery has been very successful.
* in Malaysia, Hong Kong, Korea and Japan, where public utilities have largely achieved water for all, the governments are planning to boost the role of the private sector.
* in Malaysia, the process of widespread privatisation has already led to predictable problems such as increased tariff
* in India, Cambodia, Indonesia and many other Asian countries where large parts of the population have for far too long remained without adequate access to water and sanitation, concrete, workable alternatives to water privatisation do exist.
* public water solutions are being developed and implemented in numerous Asian countries, i.e. progressive public water management models, often involving new forms of local cooperation between public water operators, communities, trade unions and other key groups.
* experiences in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala show that empowerment of communities and the democratisation of governance are strong positive tools for improving public water supply
* an important new trend is the emergence of public-public partnerships (PUPs), in which a well performing water operator assists a utility in need of support. Examples include PUPs in Indonesia and Cambodia

The overall conclusion is that although numerous public water utilities in large parts of Asia fail to supply safe water for all, privatisation is not the answer. The papers here show that there is no lack of workable public service reform approaches that could dramatically improve access to water supply and sanitation for people across the continent, if the political will is there.