Clasen, T.F. (2009). Scaling up household water treatment among low-income populations. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization. xii, 72 p. WHO/HSE/WSH/09.02
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This report examines the evidence to date regarding the scalability of household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS).
The report begins by defining scale in terms of both coverage (supply) and uptake (demand and correct/consistent use) by a vulnerable population. Section 2 examines efforts to scale up other important household-based interventions—sanitation, oral rehydration salts, guinea worm filters and insecticide-treated mosquito nets—for lessons of potential value to scaling up HWTS.
Section 3 presents case-studies of the most common HWTS products and technologies, including: boiling, Safe water system (SWS), sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) tablets, solar disinfection, ceramic filters,
biosand filters, middle-market commercial filters, and flocculation/disinfection products. In each case the origin, development and testing of the product/technology is reviewed, together with its scaling up and uptake.
Section 4 estimates coverage and growth of HWTS. The last two sections discuss the special constraints to the scaling-up of HWTS and suggested ways to overcome them.
