Greywater reuse in rural schools

Devotta, S. … [et al.] (2007). Greywater reuse in rural schools : wise water management : guidance manual. Nagpur, India, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) and Bhophal, India, UNICEF. iii, 60 p. : 13 fig,. photogr., 20 tab. 38 ref. Download here [PDF file, 750 KB]

At the present time one third of the world’s population lives in water scarce areas. By the year 2050 it is estimated that the proportion of people living in moderate water stress conditions will increase to two thirds and a half of the population will be living under severe water stress conditions. The wisewater management is a new concept to provide water supply and sanitation services in arid and semi arid rural areas that was developed following WHO recommendations for the safe reuse of water. It was conceived in Madhya Pradesh (MP), a central state of India that has a high rural population with limited access to water and sanitation. The greywater reuse system which is part of wisewater management collect, treat and reuse bathroom water (shower and non toilet/black water) for recycling and flushing of toilets. The purpose of Manual is to establish acceptable means for greywater reuse as a guide for local government and residential schools, setting minimum standards for design, installation and maintenance and preparation and execution of water safety plans for minimizing health risks associated with greywater reuse. The Manual demonstrates methodology proposed by WHO to derive the health based targets and water safety plan for safe (re)use of greywater. Greywater reuse systems can be designed and implemented in the institutions anywhere in the world using the Manual.

Contacts for further details

Dr. Pawan Labhasetwar, Scientist, NEERI, Nehru Marg, Nagpur – 440 020, India
Email: pk_labhasetwar@neeri.res.in

Dr Sam Godfrey, WES Specialist, UNICEF, Maputo, Mozambique, Email: sgodfrey@unicef.org

Integrated fluorosis mitigation : guidance manual

Devotta, S. … [et al.]. Integrated fluorosis mitigation : guidance manual. Nagpur, India, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI). 102 p. : 9 tab., 22 fig. 68 ref. Download here [very large PDF file, 58 MB]

Fluorosis is endemic in many parts of the world particularly in mid-latitude regions and an endemic public health problem in at least 25 countries around the world. The study on global burden of disease due to fluoride in drinking water indicates that 466 million and 20 million people suffer from dental and skeletal flurosis respectively. India is the second worst flurosis affected country in the world with 18 million and 8 million cases of dental and skeletal fluorosis with DALY of 17 per 1000 persons. The Guidance Manual adopts an Integrated Fluorosis Mitigation (IFM) approach commencing with Quantitative Chemical Risk Assessment (QCRA) as recommended by WHO to establish health based targets for fluoride in drinking water. QCRA is followed by specific strategy for fluorosis mitigation which includes water management solutions, domestic level defluoridation and nutrition supplementation. Wide array of adsorbents based on matrices such as modified alumina, modified zeolites, clay and clay pots, Plaster of Paris and polymers have been developed and field tested for defluoridation of drinking water. This approach can be adopted for supply of safe drinking water in fluoride affected areas in the world.

Contacts for further details

Dr. Pawan Labhasetwar, Scientist, NEERI, Nehru Marg, Nagpur – 440 020, India, Email: pk_labhasetwar@neeri.res.in

Dr Sam Godfrey, WES Specialist, Maputo, Mozambique, Email:sgodfrey@unicef.org